研究生商务英语课件5

Unit5Distribution(Place)---LogisticsPlaceChannelsofdistributionPlaceToensurethattheirproductsareavailableintheproperquantitiesattherighttimeandplace.CustomerMarketingChannels•manufacturers•wholesalers批发商retailers经销店customersdistributorsanddealersagentsandbrokers代理商•producers•agentsandbrokers代理商•interma•manufacturers•wholesalers批发商retailers经销店Wholesalers•Intermediarieswhobuyinlargequantitiesfromtheproducersandredistributethegoodstotheintermediariesatthenextlevel.StoreRetailers•Departmentstores百货公司•Generalstores一般商店•Discountstores•Conveniencestores（CVS•Specialtystores(single-linestores)•专营店（国美、苏宁、化妆品店、服装店•Exclusivestores(singlebrand)专卖店•Categorykillers品类杀手•Factoryoutlets工厂店•Supermarkets•Hypermarkets大卖场Non-storeretailers•Door-to-doorsellers•Mail-orderhouses(cataloguestores)目录商店•Vendingmachines自动售货机•Virtualstores网店•Cartsandkiosks车和亭•Multilevelmarketingmarketinglogistics:managingsupplychains•suppliersmanufacturers•wholesalersretailers•customersLogisticsandsomerelatedconcepts来源或过程翻译英文原文PhysicalDistributionLogisticsDistribution、Delivery日本翻译成日文汉字物の流→物流ロジスティクス流通、配送香港、台湾翻译成中文实体分配物流，后勤配送，配销，分销，分配大陆翻译成中文实物流通、实物配送Logistics:物流（工商部门）Logistics:后勤（军队）配送，分销，流通，分配大陆将以上译成的汉语再译成英语实物流通、实物配送：PhysicalDistribution物流：Logistics后勤：Logistics配送：distri-,delivery分销：distribution流通：distri-,circulation分配：distri-,allocationHistoryandbackground•Beginningof20thCPhysicaldistributionMC•Inthe1980sLogisticsrear-serviceinUSArmy•Inthe21thCSupplychainNatureoflogistics•Planning,implementing,andcontrollingthephysicalflowofmaterials,finalgoods,andrelatedinformationfrompointsoforigintopointsofconsumptiontomeetcustomerrequirementsataprofit.•5right•Gettingtherightproductinrightquantitytotherightcustomerintherightplaceattherighttime.Avalue-addedsystem•OutbounddistributionFC•InbounddistributionSF•SupplychainSMWRCImportanceoflogistics•Q:Whyarecompaniestodayplacinggreateremphasisonlogistics?Whyhotissue?Buyer’smarketCompetitionbetweensellersImportanceofcirculationconnectingproductionandcomsumption.布票粮票肉票商品限额消费已成为历史商品转化为货币,关系到企业的生死存亡$Developmentofcompetitionb/wcompaniescostsquality70年代80年代90年代售后服务comsumers企业通过对市场需求的的快速反应，由大鱼吃小鱼转变为快鱼吃慢鱼快鱼慢鱼21世纪初MarketdemandsE-commerceiscalling…NoImageE-commercewithoutlogistics---bubbles!TransactiononnetSupplyChainMembersABCDEFsuppliersKeycompaniescustomers供应商公司采购部门内部客户公司营销部门内部供应商顾客EnterpriseLogisticsConfigurationsuppliersrawmaterialsinventoryWIPinventoryfinalproductsinventorycustomersSupplylogisticsProductionlogisticsDistributionlogisticsReturnedlogisticsmaterialsinformationMajorlogisticsfunctions•运输配送•仓储保管•装卸搬运•现代包装•流通加工•物流信息•Transportation&distribution•Warehousing&inventory•Loading/unloading&carrying•Packaging•Distributionprocessing•LogisticsinformationKSBInventoryterms•FIFO(firstin–firstout)•LIFO(Lastin–firstout)•deadinventory•Just-in-case•Just-in-timeRequiringonlynecessaryunitsbeprovidedinnecessaryquantitiesatnecessarytime.3PL•—outsourcedlogisticsorcontractlogistics•Third-partylogisticsprovider(anindependentlogisticsproviderthatperformanyofallofthefunctionsrequiredtogettheirclients’producttomarket).•Why?•Gettingtheproducttomarketistheirmainfocus,theseproviderscanoftendoitmoreefficientlyandatlowercostthanclientswhosestrengthslieelsewhere.•Outsourcinglogisticsfreesacompanytofocusmoreintenselyonitscorebusiness.•Integratedlogisticscompaniesunderstandincreasinglycomplexlogisticsenvironments.