第二讲-元音

VowelsSecondLesson前元音/i:/vs/i/前元音/i:/舌尖抵下齿，舌前部上抬靠近硬腭，舌两侧贴住上齿的两侧。口型扁平，上下齿间稍稍分开和汉语“一”的区别只在于舌面和硬腭之间要注意避免摩擦。容易出现的错误舌面发生摩擦，读成汉语的“一”：美语的/i:/和汉语拼音的“i”相似，但汉语拼音的“i”舌前部要抬到贴近硬腭的地方，发音时有轻微的摩擦，而美语中的/i:/则不可有任何摩擦（请注意舌面）。美语的“me”和汉语的“蜜”虽听起来相近，但在读“me”时一定注意不要让舌前部发生摩擦。张口过大，舌前部未上抬，读成接近/i/甚至/e/的单元音前元音/i/是/i:/的对应短音，但舌位比/i/稍低，且稍稍靠后。口型扁平，上下齿间的距离略大于/i:/，可容下一个小拇指指尖。这个音的关键是短暂、高亢、清脆和有力。容易出现的错误许多人读这个音时口张得过大，于是分不清他们在说“give”还是“gave”。也有人读的过长，近似长音。模仿录音单词训练/i://i/eatitfeelfillheathitleaplipmealmillpeakpigreadridseensinwheelwill自己练/i://i/beebilldeepdigjeepJimkeepkickneatNickqueenquickteatipzealzip词组、短语和句子训练请注意：/i:/和/i/都是单元音，发音过程中口型要保持不变，切不可随便读成双元音模仿录音AlittlebitIntheeastInthreeweeksAbigdealAsbusyasabeeAthree-roomsuite(/swit/)自己练RealestateBodybuildingSweetdreamsLatchkeykidsALosAngelesfreeway长音要读得够长，短音要够短模仿录音Freeze!It’sfreezing!It’seasy!It’sinthefridge.Areyoukidding?Seeingisbelieving.Lilylivesinabigcity.It’sasillymistake.It’stimetoswitchtoadifferenttopic.Givemeabeefsteak,shrimps,peas,andabeer,please.自己练Believeme.It’sadeal.Imeanit.Zipyourlips!It’sGreektome.Businessinbusiness.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Heisextremelyhappy.Anythingtodrink?Whatdoyoufeellikeeating?Seemslikeallyoudoiseatandsleep.Ibeathimdowntofifteen.EnglishSongQueSera,SeraWhenIwasjustalittlegirl,Iaskedmymother,“whatwillIbe?WillIbepretty?WillIberich?”Here’swhatshesaidtome:“Quesera,sera,Whateverwillbe,willbeThefuture’snotourstosee,Quesera,sera,Whatwillbe,willbe.”WhenIgrewupandfellinlove,Iaskedmysweetheartwhatliesahead:“willwehaverainbowsdayafterday?”Here’swhatmysweetheartsaid:(Repeat)NowIhavechildrenofmyown,Theyaskedtheirmother,“whatwillIbe?WillIbehandsome?WillIberich?”Itellthemtenderly:(Repeat)前元音/e/vs/æ/前元音/e/舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍稍抬起，但舌位低于/i/口型扁平，上下齿间可容下自己的食指尖短音容易出现的错误许多人把单词中的“en”错读成/ən/,如“men”读成/mən/,像汉语中的“门”一样，“pen”读成/pən/,像汉语中的“盆”一样。记住：只有在弱化时，其中的/e/才可以变成/ə/前元音/æ/舌尖轻触下齿，舌前部微微抬起，舌位比/e/还要低。双唇向两边平伸，张开口，上下齿间可容下自己的食指加中指尖短音容易出现的错误许多人把/æ/读作双元音/ai/,或如汉语中的“埃”。请特别注意：这是单元音，发音过程中不可有口型的变化。汉语中没有这两个音。单词训练模仿录音/e//æ/bedbadgetgapheadhatlendlandmetmappetpacksmellsmashtesttaskwetwax自己练/e//æ/deaddadhenhandjetJacknetnagquestquackrestramvestvastyesYank词组、短语和句子训练模仿录音CashdeskHalfthebattleAlettertoafriendGetthesackTheweathermansaidHalfasmanyagainGocapinhandCatchhimred-handedAswellbehangedforasheepasforalamb自己练AdeadmanAmapofJapanAredcentAhappyfamilyHandinhandHalfpasttenACheshirecatEmptythebagHangbyathread模仿录音Sendhimback.Thatsettlesit.I’llcheckyoulater.Let’scheckinatahotel.Heletthecatoutofthebag.It’snottheendoftheworldifyoufailthattest.Onlygraduatestudentshaveaccesstothelibraryshelves.Oneman’strashisanotherman’streasure.自己练Thanks.Itdepends.Forgetit.There’sacatchinit.Igetyourmessage.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.后元音/כ/vs/כ:/后元音/כ/张开口，舌身平放，后缩，舌面微微下凹，舌尖离开下齿。短音。容易出现的错误有人分不清/כ/和/Λ/，要注意前者是后元音，后者是中元音。后元音/כ:/张开口，但张口程度比/כ/要小，舌身低平后缩。双唇稍稍收圆，并向前突出。长音容易出现的错误有人把/כ:/读成了双元音/au/有人在/כ:/和它前部的辅音之间合拢双唇，实际上等于加进一个/u/或接近半元音/w/的音。如把“call”读作/kwכl/单词训练模仿录音/כ//כ:/calmpalmoddallbossballlocklawnnotnaughtpotpausetoptalk自己练/כ//כ:/copcausefoxfallhothallsockssawwatchwalk词组、短语和句子训练模仿录音ToptalksCoffeeshopHotwaterCalmauthoritySportscarDrawingboardWarmapplauseLawandorderThecalmbeforethestorm自己练DrawlotsCottonsocksFather-in-lawThefatherofwatersWhat’smoreDrawtoahaltWaterinthepotAsfaraspossible模仿录音Comeon!Guesswhat!Don’twalkonthelawn.TotopitallIlostmyjob.Don’tbotheryourfather.Couldyoudropmeoffatthedepartmentstore?Farmersharvesttheircropsinfall.Shepouredoutherheart.Shedroppedabombshellandtoldhimshewantedadivorce.Youcan’tpalmoffthatstoryonyourfather.Moreoftenthannotpeopledon’trealizewhattheirrightsare.Theout-of-pocketcostscausedbythetornadoarenolessthanfourmilliondollars.IpickedhimforaswindlerthefirsttimeIsawhimandIwasn’tfarwrong.自己练Tellyouwhat!it’sapromise.Hardtotell.Let’scallitaday.Holdyourjaw.Howfarhaveyougot?Theofficeisonthefourthfloor.Therearemoreandmoresocialproblems.Thepotcallsthekettleblack.Thewishisfathertothethought.Thearmywascalledintorestoreorder.连读如果前一个词的结尾是辅音，后一个词的开头是元音，在实际朗读和说话中会把它们连起来读，这种现象就叫连读如itis，在实际语言中决不会听起来像是两个单词，它们被连起来读，听起来像是一个词。这种现象在汉语中是没有的，如“西安”模仿录音Iloveit.Goodidea!How’severything!Takeiteasy.Wehelpeachother.Heisinourclassroom.Mytelephoneisoutoforder.Hecameovertoseemeonceinawhile.当后一个词的第一个音是/h/，而该词或该音节又不重读的时候，这个/h/往往会弱化掉。如“Itoldhim”中的“him/him/”会变成/im/,这样“told”和“him”便会发生连读，读作/’toldim/当前一个词的结尾有字母“r”时（不一定是最后一个字母），尽管该音节是元音结尾，这时“r”也会发音，和后一个元音连读。如“forawhile”.模仿录音Comebackhere!Let’shaveatalk.Ibeathiminthegame.Heaskedhimself,“whyshouldIgiveup!”Hedoesn’tlivetoofaraway.Shehastotakecareofherchildren.MybrotherandIareallteachers.ForallIknow,hemighthavegoneabroad.AsfarasIknowthereisnosuchbookinourlibrary.后元音/u:/vs/u/这一对元音的关键是要把嘴唇拢小收圆，同时在发音的时候要防止双唇阻碍气流泄出，也就是要防止加进一个辅音/w/.还需要注意的是/u:/和/u/不仅仅存在长短的差别，更重要的还有音调高低的差别，/u:/音调高，音程长；/u/音调高，音程短。后元音/u:/舌身后缩，舌后部尽量向软腭抬起，舌尖离开下齿双唇收圆并用力向前突出长音容易出现的错误在双唇间发生摩擦，读作/wu:/，或如汉语的“乌”一样。后