延续性动词与非延续性动词

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如：for2years，foralongtime;since从句,如：sincehecamehere;since+时间点名词,如：sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong等。请看例句1.Hehaslivedherefor6years.请看例句2.Youcankeepthebookfor5days.请看例句3.Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear.请看例句4.Howlongdidyoustaytherelastyear?请看例句5.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyfortwoyears．（误）Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.（正）我哥哥自1999年就参军了。请看例句6.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmysince1999．（误）Mybrotherhasbeenasoldiersince1999(正)你哥哥参军多久了？请看例句7.Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy？（误）Howlonghasyourbrotherbeenasoldier？（正）二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin(start),finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：twoyearsago;at5o'clock;请看例句Hedied5yearsago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。请看例句1.Ihaven'tleftherefor3years.请看例句2.Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave→beaway离开;borrow→keep借;buy→have买;begin/start→beon开始/上演;die→bedead;finish／end／stop→beover结束/完成;join→bein+组织机构或beamemberof+组织机构；open/closesth→keepsthopen/closed；fallill→beill；getup→beup；catch／getacold→haveacold感冒；comehere→behere；gothere→bethere；become→be成为；comeback→beback；fallasleep→beasleep睡着；getto/arrive/reach→be(in)；leave→beawayfrom；gettoknow→know；go(get)out→beout；puton→wear；catchacold→haveacold;gotoschool→beinschool／beastudent上学;goabroad→beabroad去国外;marry→bemarried（to）结婚;wakeup→beawake醒;makefriendswith→befriendswith成为/交朋友;lose→belost／bemissing／begone丢失;loseone'sjob／work→beoutofwork／ajob等。请看例句1.Theoldmandied4yearsago.→Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.→Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.→Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.请看例句2.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.→HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.→HehasbeenaPartymemberfor2years.请看例句3.Hejoinedthearmy5yearsago.→Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years.→Hehasservedinthearmyfor5years.→Hehasbeenasoldierfor5years.请看例句4.Iboughtthebook5daysago.→Ihavehadthebookfor5days.