软性CIGS薄膜太阳电池技术发展与近况

2682009/04082CIGSIntroductionandDevelopmentoftheFlexibleCIGSThinFilmSolarCellTechnologyCuInGaSe2CIGSCIGSRolltoRollCIGSCIGSGlobalSolar13.2%TheflexibleCuInGaSe2solarcelloffersseveraladvantagesfortheirfabricatingaswellasapplica-tionscomparedtosolarcellonglasssubstrate.ThecharacteristicsofflexibleCIGSthinfilmsolarcellarelightweight,highefficiency,lowcostforrolltorollprocess,andlonglifetime.Today,thecommer-cialmodulesofCIGSthinfilmsolarcellhavebeenmanufacturedonflexiblesubstrate(asmetalfoilorpolyimide)byvacuum(sputtering,co-evaporation)ornon-vacuum(printing,electrodeposition)pro-cessinUSAandGermany.Furthermore,thephysicalpropertiesofflexiblesubstratematerialsareveryimportantissuesfordifferentapplications,thedemandsonaproperflexiblesubstratearevacuumcompatibility,thermalstability,suitablethermalexpansion,andchemicalinertnessforahigheffi-ciencyCIGSthinfilmmodule.GlobalSolarhaddevelopedastableco-evaporationtechniqueformassproductionofflexibleCIGSsolarmodule,sofarhigherconversionefficiencyofsolarmodulehavebeenachievedonmetalfoilswith13.2%./KeyWords(CuInGaSe2;CIGS)(ThinFilm)(Flexible)(SolarCell)C.C.Chuang(PVTC/ITRI)/0832682009/04COCO2CCHCO2COCO2CCH2020CO2CO2(SolarCell)60~90(Poly-Si)(Single-Si)(SiThinFilm)III-V(GaAs)II-VI(CdTe)I-III-VI(CuInGaSe2)2682009/04084(StainlessSteel)(Al)(Ti)(a-Si)(CdTe)(CIGS)a-Si12.1%CdTe16.6%CIGS19.9%(1)CIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGS450°CCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGS250°CSingle-Si,Poly-SiIII-V(GaInP2/GaAs,InGaP/InGaAs/Ge)———Amorphous-SiCuInGaSe2,CdTeDyeSensitized,FullOrganic,HybridCIGSSoda-limeGlassCrSteelTiAlPolyimide8~11910~118.623~2412~205.92.57.84.52.71.5600600600600600500(10-6/K)(g/cm3)(°C)0852682009/04CIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSMoCIGSCIGS5N(99.999%)CIGS19.9%(2)CIGSCIGSNRELGlobal(a)(b)(c)Mo(h)CIGSModule(g)Grid(f)WindowLayer(e)CdS(d)CIGSCIGS2682009/04086SolarHahnMeitnerInstitute(HMI)ZentrumfuerSonnenenergi-undWasserstoffForschung(ZSW)SwissFederalInstituteofTechnology(ETH)NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology(AIST)MatsushitaCuGaInCuGaInCu/Ga+In~0.75-0.95Ga/Ga+In=0.2~0.3CuGa/InCuGa/InCIGSCuGa/InCIGSCIGSFloridaSolarEnergyCenter(FSEC)AvancisCIGSInternationalSolarElectricTechnologyInc.(ISET)CIGSCIGSCIGCIGH2SeCIGSCuInS2CuInS2InstitutfurSolarTechnologien(IST)CIGSCIGSCIGSN(CdS)CdS(ChemicalBathDeposition;CBD)ZnOCIGS/CdS85%20/ZnONi/AlCIGSCIGSCIGS20CIGS0872682009/04CIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGS60cm100cm1200×1200cm2CIGSCIGSCIGSCIGSMatsushita(3)NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology(AIST)(4)NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory(NREL)(5)InstituteofEnergyConversion(IEC)(6)GlobalSolarEnergy(7)InternationalSolarElectricTechnologyInc.(ISET)(8)FloridaSolarEnergyCenter(FSEC)(9)Avancis(10)HahnMeitnerInstitute(HMI)(11)ZentrumFuerSonnenenergiundWasserstoffForschung(ZSW)(12)InstitutFurSolarTechnologien(IST)(13)SwissFederalInstituteofTechnology(ETH)(14)PolyimidePolyimide17%17.4%17.5%12.1%13.2%11.7%10.4%13.9%16.2%14.2%9.1%14.1%CIGS2682009/04088CIGSCIGS1.GlobalSolarEnergy(GSE)GlobalSolarCIGSGSE1996GSE19971.5MWCIGS20074.2MW200840MW201060MW2001GSERolltoRollCIGSCIGSGSERolltoRollCIGSRolltoRollCIGSIn-lineGSECIGSCIGS12VCIGSSP-12Watt://(Shell)AvancisShellSaintGobainGlass2CIGSShellSolarShellSolarCIGSSaintGobainGlassShellSolarSiemensSolarCIGSCIGSShellSolarCIGSAvancisCIGSGSECIGSShellSolarShellSolarCIGSCoverglassP2P3ZnOCISMOFloatglassP1AlkaliBarrierCdSContactLeadPolymerThinFilmEdgeDeletionatthePerimeteroftheSubstrateStackedElementalLayerProcess1.Mo2.Pattern1Laser3.Na-CompoundandCu(Ga)/In/Se4.RTP-CIGSFormation5.CdS-Dip11.Encaps.10.Contact.9.Dice8.Pattern3Mechanical7.ZnO6.Pattern2Mechanical2682009/04090CIGSCIGS13.9%CIGSGSECIGSShellSolarCIGS(15)CIGCIGCIGSShellSo-larCdTeCIGSCIGSCIGSCIGS22CIGSCIGS10%CIGSCIGSCIGS1.M.A.Green,K.Emery,Y.Hishikawa,andW.Warta,Prog.Photovolt:Res.Appl.,16,435(2008).2.I.Repins,M.A.Contreras,B.Egaas,C.DeHart,J.Scharf,C.L.Perkins,B.To,andR.Nouf,Prog.Photovolt.:Res.Appl.,16,235(2008).3.Y.Hashimoto,T.Satoh,S.Shimikawa,andT.Negami,Proceedings3rdWorldConferenceonPhotovoltaicEnergyConversion,2LN-C-09(2003).4.S.Ishizuka,A.Yamada,K.Matsubara,P.Fons,Ke.Sakurai,andS.Niki,Appl.Phys.Lett.,93,124105(2008).5.J.R.Tuttle,A.Szalaj,andJ.Keane,Proceeding28thIEEEPhotovoltaicsSpecialistsConference,1042(2000).6.R.Birkmire,E.Eser,S.Fields,andW.Shafarman,Prog.Photovolt:Res.Appl.2005;13,141(2005).7.M.E.Beck,S.Wiedeman,R.Huntington,J.VanAlsburg,E.Kanto,R.Butcher,andJ.S.Britt,Proceeding31thIEEEPhotovoltaicSpecialistsConference,211(2005).8.V.K.Kapur,A.Bansal,P.Le,O.I.Asensio,andN.Shigeoka,Proceedings3rdWorldConferenceonPhotovoltaicEnergyConversion,(2003).9.N.G.Dhere,S.R.Ghongadi,M.B.Pandit,A.H.Jahagirdar,andD.Scheiman,Prog.Photovolt:Res.Appl.,10,407(2002).10.T.Niesen,A.Lerchenberger,M.Wendl,F.Karg,V.Probst