Unit-5-Expanded-Sentence-Base(I)

Unit5ExpandedSentenceBase(1)Yesterday’shistory;Tomorrow’samystery.Today’sagift—that’swhywecallitthepresent!Time_E_HO.ppt:p.2Rev.01/22/99IntroductionAfterlearninghowtochoosewordsandhowtoproducecorrectsimplesentences,itishightimewebegantoconsiderhowtoexpandoursentences.Thisunitfocusesonhowtowritelongersentencesbyexpandingthenounsinthesentences.How?attributesrelativeclauseAttributesIncompletesentences&wordorderRelativeclauseUnit5Time_E_HO.ppt:p.4Rev.01/22/99AttributesDefinition:Wordsorphrasesusedtonarrowdownordecribenounsarecalledattributes.Functions:e.g.1.thecat2.thecatinthetree3.thefatandlazycatClassroomactivities:P58narrowdown/makeitspecificaddmoredetaileddescriptionsTime_E_HO.ppt:p.5Rev.01/22/99Whatcanbeusedasattributes?1.DeterminersDeterminersrefertowordsthatareusedtodefinethereferentialmeaningofanounoranominalphrase.限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。包括：Time_E_HO.ppt:p.6Rev.01/22/99Whatcanbeusedasattributes?Articles:a,an,thePossessiveprons物主代词：my,your,one'sGenitivenouns名词属格：John'sDemonstrativeprons指示代词：this,those,suchIndefiniteprons不定代词：some,any,each,either,all,both...Cardinal&ordinalnumeral基数词和序数词Quantifier量词：alotof,agreatdealofTime_E_HO.ppt:p.7Rev.01/22/99Whatcanbeusedasattributes?2.Adjetives:(before&after)3.Nouns:thefeatureofthenoun(before)4.-ingforms:thefunction,feature,state(before&after)Time_E_HO.ppt:p.8Rev.01/22/99Whatcanbeusedasattributes?5.-edforms:(before&after)Note:Sometimes,ifthereisonlyanadverbmodifyingthe-edform,wemayalsoputitbeforethenoun.Forexample:well-tailoredsuits6.Infinitives:refertoafutureaction(after)7.Prepositionalphrases:place&purpose(after)Exercises(p61)Time_E_HO.ppt:p.9Rev.01/22/99RelativeclausePage64:ClassroomactivitiesWhyuserelativeclauses?1.Toexpandsentences:tomakethenouneithermoreexactormorevivid;toputmoreinformation.Page64:Exercise(3versions)2.Todirectreaders’attentiontoideasinthemainclause.Page64:ClassroomactivitiesTime_E_HO.ppt:p.10Rev.01/22/99Wordorderofdeterminers3groupsofdeterminersaccordingtotheirrelativepositionspredeterminerscentraldeterminersPostdeterminers限冠形龄色国材Time_E_HO.ppt:p.11Rev.01/22/99predeterminers:all,both,half/double,twice…timescentraldeterminers:a,an,the(article);this,that,these,those(demonstrativepronouns)my,your,his,her…;(possessivepronouns）some,any,no（indefiniteprons.不定代词）;every,each,either,neitherTime_E_HO.ppt:p.12Rev.01/22/99postdeterminers:one,two,three;first,second,thirdmany,much,few,afew,little,alittle,fewer,less,more;fewest,least,most;alotof,lotsof,anumberof,anamountof,agreatdealof,suchTime_E_HO.ppt:p.13Rev.01/22/99Howtoplacemanymodifiers1)IadmireJenny’shair.(glossy,black,long)IadmireJenny’slongblackglossyhairsomuch.2)一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克abeautifulnewblackItalianleatherjacket。3)Canadian，extraordinary，an，new,playanextraordinarynewCanadianplayTime_E_HO.ppt:p.14Rev.01/22/994)(gold，British，the，round）cointheroundBritishgoldcoin5)（ugly，writing，the，steel，seven）desksthesevenuglysteelwritingdesks6)（purple，Russian，nice，long，her）coathernicelongpurpleRussiancoatTime_E_HO.ppt:p.15Rev.01/22/99限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；(大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料)限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词.“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold.材料”的词如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等“作用类别”的词如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等。Time_E_HO.ppt:p.16Rev.01/22/99Writing—précisWhatisaprécis?Aprécisisaconcisesummaryofthemainpointsinapieceofwriting,sowhenwewriteprécis,weshouldwritedownallofthemainideaanddeleteanyunnecessaryinformation,suchasdescriptions,examples,etc.Time_E_HO.ppt:p.17Rev.01/22/99AsummaryoraprecisisNOTapersonalinterpretationofaworkoranexpressionofyouropinionoftheidea’itis,rather,anexactreplicainminiatureofthework,oftenreducedtoone-quartertoone-fifthofitssize,inwhichyouexpressthecompleteargement!Time_E_HO.ppt:p.18Rev.01/22/99Somecommontechniquestoreducedetailsinpréciswriting:(1)omitthedetailsYoumayleaveoutmostofthedescriptivedetailsifthatdoesnotimpairthegeneralidea.Time_E_HO.ppt:p.19Rev.01/22/99(2)reducetheexamplesIftheoriginalpassageprovidesfourorfiveexamplesforacertainidea,youmaymentiononeortwo,oryoumaymentiontheexamplesbutleaveoutthedetails.Time_E_HO.ppt:p.20Rev.01/22/99(3)replacespecificwordswithgenericreferenceIfseveralspecificexamplesbelongtothesamecategory,youcanusuallyreplacethemwithonegenericword.Forexample:Forthedinner,sheboughttwobottlesofmilk,fourpacksoforangejuice,andthreebottlesofwine.Sheboughtlotsofdrinksforthedinner.Time_E_HO.ppt:p.21Rev.01/22/99(4)simplifydescriptionYoudefinitelydon’tneeddetaileddescriptioninyourprécis.Inmanycase,youmayusegeneralwordstotelltheimpression.Forexample,iftherearemanysentencesdescribinghowbeautifulagardenis,youcanjustsayThegardenisverybeautiful.Time_E_HO.ppt:p.22Rev.01/22/99(5)avoidrepetitionThewriteroftheoriginalpassagemaypurposelyrepeatanidea,butinwritingaprécis,youmaynotdothesame.Time_E_HO.ppt:p.23Rev.01/22/99(6)simplifywordysentencesRemoveunnecessarywordsintheoriginalpassage.Forexample,forasentencelikeHisactioninthefightmaywellbecalledlion-likewithoutexaggeration,youmaysimplywriteHeisverybrave.Time_E_HO