GREASE润滑油基本知识介绍

GreaseTechnology滑脂技术April,992MAPPLgreasepresentation1Definition定义Alubricatinggreaseisafirmtosemi-fluidproductobtainedbythedispersionof2to15%ofathickeningagentintoalubebaseoil.润滑脂是一种在基础油中加入2－15%稠化剂的硬至半流体的产品。April,993MAPPLgreasepresentation1Composition组成Whatisgrease滑脂是什么？•90%oil+additives90%的基础油和添加剂•10%thickener10%的稠化剂Greaseistypically90%OilplusAdditivesand10%Thickener.滑脂的典型组成是90%的基础油和添加剂加上10%的稠化剂April,994MAPPLgreasepresentation1Composition组成TypesofThickeners稠化剂种类•Soap皂基•Non-soap非皂基April,995MAPPLgreasepresentation1Composition组成ThickenersusedbyMobil美孚使用的稠化剂•Lithium(Soap)锂(皂基)•LithiumComplex(Soap)复合锂(皂基)•Clay(Non-soap)粘土(非皂基)April,996MAPPLgreasepresentation1Composition组成SoapThickener皂基稠化剂碱＋脂肪酸皂基＋水Alkali+FattyAcidSoap+WaterSaponification皂化April,997MAPPLgreasepresentation1Composition组成NonSoapThickener非皂基Clay粘土PolarActivatorClayPlateletStack粘土片堆PolarActivator极性和性剂PartiallySeparatedPlateletStackTrappingOil部分分离的粘土片间充满油品April,998MAPPLgreasepresentation1PropertiesOfGreaseThickeners滑脂稠化剂性能Maximum最高使用Usage癈温度MechanicalStability稳定性Lithium*锂120Excellent极佳LithiumComplex*复合锂175ExcellentClay*粘土175Good好Sodium钠125GoodPolyurea聚脲175Poor-GoodCalciumComplex复合钙175Poor-GoodAluminiumComplex复合铝175Good*UsedinMobilProductsApril,999MAPPLgreasepresentation1Composition组成BasefluidsusedbyMobil美孚使用的基础油•MineralParaffinic石蜡基矿物Naphthenic环烷基•SyntheticPolyalphaolefin聚α烯烃合成Ester酯Polyglycol聚多元醇AlkylatedAromatics烷化芳香烃•VegetableNaturalEsters植物油天然酯•ViscosityRange:ISOVG22toISOVG1500粘度范围April,9910MAPPLgreasepresentation1Composition组成AdditivesusedbyMobil美孚使用的添加剂Soluble:Antioxidant抗氧化剂溶液Antirust防锈剂Antiwear/extremepressure抗磨/极压添加剂Antifatigue抗疲劳添加剂Frictionmodifiers摩擦改良剂Polymers聚合物Solid:Molybdenumdisulfide二硫化钼固体Graphite石墨April,9911MAPPLgreasepresentation1Manufacture生产TwoMobilprocesses美孚两种方式•Batch-10ton/day批量生产•Continuous-2ton/hour连续生产April,9912MAPPLgreasepresentation1Manufacture生产Conventionalgreaseprocess传统滑脂生产方式Alkali+Fat碱脂肪酸Soap+Water皂基＋水Saponification皂化Dryingofsoap皂基干燥Additionofoil+Additives加油和添加剂Coarsemixing粗混合Ultrafinemixing超精细混合Filtering,过滤deaerationFinishingContactor接触器Kettle反应釜Homogeniser搅拌器April,9913MAPPLgreasepresentation1Manufacture生产Mobilconventionalbatchprocess美孚传统批量生产方式Contactor接触器Kettle反应釜Homogeniser搅拌器Grease滑脂FinishingPumpFilterDeaerator过滤HighSpeedMotorSoap皂基BaseOil基础油Steam蒸汽Additives添加剂Water水BaseOil基础油FattyAcids脂肪酸Alkali碱Baffles挡板April,9914MAPPLgreasepresentation1Manufacture生产Continuousgreaseprocess连续生产方式ShearValveFinishingSectionGreaseStorageTankSConsistometerFlashChamberVacuumSteamReactorFattyAcidsAlkaliBaseOilAddi-tivesBaseOilApril,9915MAPPLgreasepresentation1Structure结构•Consideragreaselikeasponge象块海绵•Poresfilledwithoil孔隙充满油•Mechanicalorthermalstressreleasesoil机械或热力使油释放April,9916MAPPLgreasepresentation1WhenareGreasesUsed?什么时候使用滑脂•Whenthereisinfrequentre-lubrication当不需要频繁地润滑•Whenre-lubricationiseconomicallyunjustifiable当不能证明再润滑是经济的•Whenalubricanthastostayinplace当润滑剂必须呆在一个地方时April,9917MAPPLgreasepresentation1PurposeOfAGrease滑脂的作用•Provideadequatelubrication提供足够的润滑•Protectagainstcorrosion抗腐蚀•Actasaseal密封•ResistLeaking阻止泄漏April,9918MAPPLgreasepresentation1MultiserviceGreaseBalanceofProperties多功能滑脂的性能平衡Structure结构稳定性Consistency稠度WaterResistance抗水性EP/AW极压/抗磨性Hightemperature高温性能LowTemperature低温流动性CorrosionProtection防腐Compatibility相容性April,9919MAPPLgreasepresentation1GreaseCharacteristics滑脂特性•Appearance外观•Consistency稠度(针入度)–Worked－工作后–Unworked－工作前•DroppingPoint滴点•Stability稳定性–Structural－结构–Chemical－化学April,9920MAPPLgreasepresentation1Consistency稠度(针入度)•Consistencyvarieswithtemperature&shearstress.Isafunctionof-稠度随温度和剪切力而变化，受如下两因素影响–basestockviscosity基础油黏度–thickenerchemistry稠化剂的化学性能•Consistencyismeasuredintenthsofamillimetreat25癈,unworkedandworked.稠度大小用1/10毫米数表示(25℃)，分工作前和工作后稠度•Consistencyranges-NLGIclassification(NLGI000-6)稠度范围－NLGI分类(NLGI000－6)April,9921MAPPLgreasepresentation1DroppingPoint滴点•Temperatureatwhichadropofoilfallsfromtheorificeofatestcup脂杯开始滴下第一滴油时的温度•Relationshiptomeltingpoint与熔点有关April,9922MAPPLgreasepresentation1ExtremePressureLevel极压程度•Fourballweartest四球磨损试验•FourballEPtest四球极压试验•TimkenOKloadtest梯姆肯负荷试验April,9923MAPPLgreasepresentation1SelectingaGrease滑脂选择Oilpropertiescontrolgreaseproperties基础油的性能控制滑脂性能Viscosity粘度Flow流动性能OilRelease释油性BestUse最佳使用Low低Easy容易Low低HighSpeed高速LightLoad低载High高Difficult困难High高LowSpeed低速HeavyLoad重载April,9924MAPPLgreasepresentation1SelectingaGrease滑脂选择•Application:应用–Typeofmechanism－设备种类–Typeofdistribution－润滑方式–Conditionsofuse－使用条件•Grease:滑脂–Consistencygrade－稠度级别–Soap/basestocktechnology－皂基/基础油技术–Baseoilselection－基础油选择–Othergreases－别的滑脂April,9925MAPPLgreasepresentation1SelectionbyConsistency稠度选择•MostcommonNLGIgradeis#2大多数通用NLGI2•NLGI#3isusedforhighrotaryspeedsorvibratoryloads.NLGI3用于高速旋转或有振动负荷时•LessthanNLGI#2arerecommendedwheresomeflowrateisrequired:低于NLGI2推荐用于有流动性要求的场所–enclosedgears闭市齿轮–centralizedsystem集中润滑系统April,9926MAPPLgreasepresentation1SelectionBySoap/BaseOilType通过皂基/基础油种类选择•Selectionismadeaccordingtooperatingtemperature根据操作温度选择•Chartbelowisrelatedtocontinuoustemperature下表为不同温度时的选择TemperatureTechnology