I HAVE A DREAM 我有一个梦想第四段分析

IHAVEADREAMItisobvioustodaythatAmericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote,insofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.Insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,AmericahasgiventheNegropeopleabadcheck,acheckwhichhascomebackmarkedinsufficientfunds.有色人种，这里指美国黑人公民空头支票1.Defaultedv.弃权(default的过去式和过去分词)；违约；[法律]（经法院传唤而）不到庭；不履行义务（或职责）Default[V]1.~(onsth)tofailtodosththatyoulegallyhavetodo,especiallybynotpayingadebt违约；不履行义务（尤指不偿还债务）Pharse:todefaultonaloan/debt拖欠借款/债务Thecreditcardbusinessisdown,andmoreborrowersaredefaultingonloans...信用卡业务出现了下滑，而且越来越多的借款者都不按期还款。2.[U,C]failuretodosththatmustbedonebylaw,especiallypayingadebt违约（尤指未偿付债务）Thecompanyisindefaultontheloan.这家公司拖欠借款。2.Promissoryadj.应允的，承诺的，约定的Adjective:relatingtoorhavingthecharacterofapromise;promissorynote:Apromissorynotemeansabanker'snote.期票、银行本票。3.Insofarad.在…的范围Similarword：insofar,sofar,tothatdegree,tothatextent4.Sacred形容词（1）神圣的;上帝的;神的（2）不可侵犯的;不容干涉的;不可变更的SomethingthatissacredisbelievedtobeholyandtohaveaspecialconnectionwithGod.TheowlissacredformanyCalifornianIndianpeople.对于很多加利福尼亚的印第安人而言，猫头鹰是圣物。Hesaidtheunityofthecountrywassacred.他说国家的统一神圣不可侵犯。Butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.Andsowehavecometocashthischeck,acheckthatwillgiveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice.WehavealsocometothishallowedspottoremindAmericaofthefierceurgencyofNow.Thisisnotimetoengageintheluxuryofcoolingoffortotakethetranquilizingdrugofgradualism.Transitionalwords演讲者感情变化兑现支票宝贵的自由正义的保障神圣的地方5.InsufficientADJ不充分的;不足的;缺乏的派生词：insufficientlyn.insufficiencyHedecidedtherewasinsufficientevidencetojustifycriminalproceedings...他认定证据不充分无法提起刑事诉讼。Theseeffortswereinsufficienttocontaintheburgeoningcrisis.这些努力不足以抑制迅速扩散的危机。6.Funds资金，钱款N.Fundsareamountsofmoneythatareavailabletobespent,especiallymoneythatisgiventoanorganizationorpersonforaparticularpurpose.TheconcertwillraisefundsforresearchintoAids.这场音乐会将为艾滋病研究筹款。.governmentfunds.政府资金VERB资助;为…提供资金Theairportisbeingprivatelyfundedbyaconstructiongroup.该机场是由一个建筑集团私人出资兴建的。7.coolingoff冷却；使冷静；冷处理8.tranquilizevt.使……安静；使……镇定过去式tranquilized过去分词tranquillized现在分词tranquillizing短语TranquilizingShot宁神射击tranquilizingdrug镇静性药物TranquilizingAgents安定药Thecolorshavetheactionsofcooling,tranquilizingandmakingpeoplerestrained.有清凉、镇静、使人抑制的作用。9..gradualismnoun[U]apolicyofgradualchangeinsocietyratherthansuddenchangeorrevolution（社会改革上的）渐进主义，渐进主义政策n.渐进主义，按步就班主义派生词：gradualistgradualisticNowitisthetimetomakerealthepromisesofdemocracy.Nowitistorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofracialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.10.Desolateadj/verb过去式：desolated过去分词：desolated现在分词：desolating第三人称单数desolates派生词：desolatelydesolatenessdesolator1.无人居住的；荒无人烟的；荒凉的ableakanddesolatelandscape一片荒凉的景色2.verylonelyandunhappy孤独凄凉的；不幸的；忧伤的3.verbtomakesbfeelsadandwithouthope使感到悲惨；使感到凄凉；使悲伤绝望Shehadbeendesolatedbythedeathofherfriend.朋友的去世使她感到十分悲伤。实现民主的诺言11.sunlit1.ADJ形容词阳光照耀的;阳面的Herhousehastwobigsunlitroomswithfloor-to-ceilingwindows.她的房子有两间向阳的带落地窗的大屋子。stylisticdevices(rhetoricaldevices)usedbyDrKingtoinspireandpersuade.1RepetitionThisisaveryoutstandingfeatureinthisspeechcalledrepetition.Thetermrepetitionisrestrictedtomeanthecaseofexactcopyingofacertainpreviousunitinatextsuchasaword,phraseorevenasentence(1.)Butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.(Par.4)thephrase“werefusetobelievethat…”hasbeenusedtwicetoindicatethespeaker’sgoodhope.(2)Nowisthetimetomakerealthepromisesofdemocracy.NowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofseGREgationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.NowisthetimetoopenthedoorsofopportunitytoallofGod’sChildren.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofracialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.(Par.4)theclause“Nowisthetimeto…”hasbeenusedfourtimestoemphasizethefierceurgencyof“NOW”andtoencourageandpersuadetheblackstotakeimmediateactiontoriseaboveandgaintheirownrightsandfreedom.2UseofParallelismItmeansexactrepetitioninequivalentpositions.Toputitsimply,parallelismmeansthebalancingofsentenceelementsthataregrammaticallyequal.Totakethemparallel,balancenounswithnouns,verbswithverbs,prepositionalphraseswithprepositionalphrases,clauseswithclauses,andsoforth.(1)“Thisisnotimetoengageintheluxuryofcoolingoffortotakethetranquilizingdragofgradualism.”(Par.4,twoparallelinfinitivephrases:“toengage…totake…”)(2)Parallelnounphrases:Sowehavetocametocashthischeck-acheckthatwillgiveasupondemandtherichesoffreedomandThesecurityofjustice.(Par.4)3UseofSimilesandMetaphors(1)Butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityforthisnation(Par.4,metaphors)\(2)Thisisnotime…totakethetranquilizingdragofgradualism.(Par.4,metaphor)4UseofContrast(1)NowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofseGREgationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.(Par.4)(2)Nowisthetimetoliftournationfrom